Pakistan and India: Competing Nuclear Strategies and Doctrines

India and Pakistan have now been nuclear powers for at least a decade, apparently already having “gone to the brink” several times. Despite the dire potentialities of nuclear exchange, both countries pursue very specific nuclear deterrent and response strategies. These strategies can be found in their doctrinal development, how they articulate that doctrine and affiliated “red lines,” and deployment of nuclear weapons delivery means and associated systems (such as antiballistic missiles systems and satellites).